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| c. 250 BC |
| | | Archimedes (it is said) leaps out of his bath shouting eureka ('I have found it') when he perceives how to test for relative density | |
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| c. 220 BC |
| | | The Greek mathematician Eratosthenes calculates the circumference of the world with the help of shadows and camels | |
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| c. 140 BC |
| | | The Greek astronomer Hipparchus is credited with the invention of the astrolabe, measuring the angle of sun or star above the horizon | |
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| c. 130 BC |
| | | The Greek astronomer Hipparchus, mapping the stars, observes but cannot explain the precession of the equinoxes | |
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| c. 130 BC |
| | | Hipparchus proposes a grid of 360° of latitude and longitude for mapmaking | |
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| 129 BC |
| | | Hipparchus completes the first scientific star catalogue, mapping some 850 stars | |
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| c. 150 |
| | | Ptolemy writes in Alexandria an encyclopedic account of Greek scientific theory in cosmology, astronomy and geography | |
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| 1913 |
| | | Frederick Soddy uses the term 'isotope' (Greek for 'same place') to describe observed anomalies in the periodic table | |
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| 1952 |
| | | British scholar Michael Ventris deciphers Linear B, the script of Mycenae, proving it to be an early form of Greek | |
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| c. 1955 |
| | | Archaeologists at Olympia excavate the workshop of the Greek classical sculptor Phidias | |
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